Current to Voltage Converter Circuit: A Complete Guide
Learn how to build a current to voltage converter circuit with this step-by-step guide.
Introduction:
A current to voltage converter (I/V converter) is an electronic circuit that converts an input current signal to an output voltage signal. I/V converters are used in a wide variety of applications, including:
- Measuring the current output of a sensor
- Driving a display device
- Providing feedback to a control system
Components for Current to Voltage Converter Circuit
The current to voltage converter circuit in the image above is made up of the following components:
- Operational amplifier (op amp)
- Resistor (R1)
- Input current source (IIN)
- Output voltage (VOUT)
Wiring:
The wiring of the current to voltage converter circuit is shown in the diagram above. The op amp is configured as a non-inverting amplifier. The input current source is connected to the inverting input of the op amp. The resistor (R1) is connected between the non-inverting input of the op amp and the output voltage (VOUT).
Operation:
When a current flows through the input current source (IIN), a voltage drop is created across the resistor (R1). This voltage drop is amplified by the op amp and output as the output voltage (VOUT). The output voltage (VOUT) is proportional to the input current (IIN).
Formula:
The formula for the output voltage of a current to voltage converter circuit is:
VOUT = GAIN * IIN
where:
- VOUT is the output voltage
- GAIN is the gain of the op amp
- IIN is the input current
Practical Example of the current to voltage converter
Let's say we have an input current source that is providing a current of 1 milliampere (mA). We want to build a current to voltage converter circuit that will output a voltage of 1 volt when the input current is 1 mA.
We can use the formula above to calculate the gain of the op amp that we need:
GAIN = VOUT / IIN = 1 V / 1 mA = 1000
We can then select an op amp that has a gain of at least 1000.
Once we have selected an op amp, we can build the current to voltage converter circuit. We can use any resistor value for R1, as long as it is greater than or equal to the input impedance of the op amp.
Conclusion:
Current to voltage converters are a versatile type of electronic circuit that can be used in a wide variety of applications. By understanding the basic principles of operation, you can build your own current to voltage converter circuit to meet your specific needs.
Additional Information:
- The gain of an op amp can be adjusted by changing the value of the feedback resistor.
- Current to voltage converters can be used to measure the current output of a variety of sensors, such as photodiodes, current shunts, and Hall effect sensors.
- Current to voltage converters can be used to drive display devices, such as LED displays and LCD displays.
- Current to voltage converters can be used to provide feedback to control systems.
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